Townsend's Warbler

Dendroica townsendi

A bird of the Pacific Northwest, the Townsend's Warbler nests in coniferous forests from Alaska to Oregon. It winters in two distinct areas: in a narrow strip along the Pacific Coast, and in Mexico and Central America.

Interesting Information

  • The Townsend's Warbler hybridizes with the Hermit Warbler where their ranges overlap in Oregon and Washington. The hybrid zones are rather narrow and appear to be slowly moving, with the more aggressive Townsend's Warbler displacing the Hermit Warbler.

  • On the wintering ground in Mexico, the Townsend's Warbler feeds extensively on the sugary excretions of scale insects. Although the warbler usually forages in the tops of trees, it will use patches of the honeydew-producing insects at whatever height it finds them. It will defend territories around trees infested with the insects against other Townsend's Warblers as well as other bird species.

  • The male Townsend's Warbler begins to sing before it leaves its wintering grounds.

  • Sometimes a female Townsend's Warbler will partially construct a nest in one tree, then move all the materials to another tree and finish the nest there.

Description

Adult Description

  • Small songbird.

  • Chest and face yellow.

  • Stripes down sides of chest.

  • Two white wingbars.

  • Dark face patch.

  • Dark crown.

  • Black in throat.

  • Length Range: 12-13 cm (4.75-5 in)

  • Weight: 9 g (0.3 oz)

  • Size: Very Small (3 - 5 in)

Sex Differences

Male Description

Crown and throat black. Face yellow. Black cheek patch with yellow crescent under eye. Black streaks extend from throat down sides. Chest and sides yellow. Belly and undertail white. Back olive green with black streaks or spots. Two white wingbars.

Female Description

Crown olive-green with thin black streaks. Cheek patch olive. Cheek, throat, chest, and sides yellow. Some black markings in throat. Back olive with thin black streaks. Belly and undertail white. Two white wingbars.

Immature

Immature similar to adult female. Immature female with indistinct streaking on back and without black in throat.

 

Photo taken from: The Sibley Field Guide by David Allen Sibley

© 2003 Cornell Lab of Ornithology

Habitat

  • Breeds in tall coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests.

  • Winters in variety of habitats, including chaparral, mature forest, suburban gardens, and parks.

Behavior

Gleans insects from leaf surfaces and needles in upper third of tree canopy. Hawks insects and hover-gleans.

Food

Insects and honeydew excreted by scale insects.

 

Taxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
     Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Parulidae
Genus: Dendroica
Species: Dendroica townsendi

Similar Species

  • Adult male distinctive. Female and immatures resemble other closely related species.

  • Black-throated Green Warbler has a more green and unmarked back, less well-defined cheek patch, and some yellow at the vent under the tail.

  • Golden-cheeked Warbler has yellow face with distinct dark line through eye, not a large patch, and less yellow on chest.

  • Hermit Warbler has yellow eyering and an indistinct face patch, yellow forehead, and lacks yellow on chest and stripes down sides.

Bird Sound

Song a series of buzzy notes on one pitch, followed by several on different pitch, usually rising: "Zee-zee-zee-zee-dee-du-dee."

Eggs look like this

Photo taken from: ARCTOS Collaborative Collection Management Solution