Mallard Duck

Anas platyrhynchos

One of the most familiar of ducks, the Mallard is found throughout North America and all across Eurasia. Where it does not occur naturally, it often has been introduced. It is found in all kinds of wetlands and is a familiar inhabitant of urban park ponds.

Interesting Information

  • The Mallard is the ancestor of nearly all domestic duck breeds (everything except the Muscovy Duck). Many of the domestic breeds look like the wild birds, but usually are larger. They are variable in plumage, often lacking the white neck ring or having white on the chest. Feral domestic ducks breed with wild Mallards and produce a variety of forms that often show up with wild ducks, especially in city parks.

  • The widespread Mallard has given rise to a number of populations around the world that have changed enough that they could be considered separate species. The "Mexican Duck" of central Mexico and the extreme southwestern United States and the Hawaiian Duck both are closely related to the Mallard, and in both forms the male is dull like the female. The Mexican Duck currently is considered a subspecies of the Mallard, while the Hawaiian Duck is still given full species status.

  • Mallard pairs are generally monogamous, but paired males actively pursue forced extra-pair copulations. Copulation between members of a pair usually takes place in the water after a long bout of elaborate displays. Forced copulations are not preceded by displays, and several males may chase a single female and mate with her.

  • Mallard pairs form long before the spring breeding season. Pairing takes place in the fall, but courtship can be seen all winter. Only the female incubates the eggs and takes care of the ducklings.

Description

Adult Description

  • Size: 50-65 cm (20-26 in)

  • Wingspan: 82-95 cm (32-37 in)

  • Weight: 1000-1300 g (35.3-45.89 ounces)

  • Large dabbling duck.

  • Male with iridescent green head, rusty chest, and gray body.

  • Female mottled brown.

  • Back of wing (speculum) shiny blue, with white line in front and behind.

  • Wing linings white.

  • Legs bright orange.

Sex Differences

Male with bright green head and pale body, female dull brown all over.

Female

Brownish all over with mottled streaking of buff, white, and dark brown. Face paler than body. Dark line through eye. Dark streak on crown. Belly pale. Tail whitish. Undertail pale. Bill orange or yellow marked with variable splotches of black. Legs red-orange.

Male

Breeding (Alternate) Plumage:

Head iridescent dark green. Narrow white neck ring. Breast chestnut-brown. Back and wings brownish gray. Underparts light grayish. Rump and under tail black, with white area just in front along flanks. Tail white on outside with black middle feathers. Central tail feathers curled up toward back. Bill yellow to greenish, with black nail at tip. Eyes dark. Feet red.

Eclipse (Basic) Plumage:

Crown dark green. Face pale brownish. Dark line through eye. Breast warm brown. Body and wings mottled brown, white, and buff. Slight upturn to central tail feathers. Bill clear yellowish olive.

Immature

Juvenile similar to female.

 

Photo taken from: The Sibley Field Guide by David Allen Sibley

© 2003 Cornell Lab of Ornithology

Habitat

Found in all wetland habitats.

Behavior

Dabbles, filter-feeds at surface of water, tips-up in shallow water, and makes occasional dives in deeper water.

Food

Insects and larvae, aquatic invertebrates, seeds, acorns, aquatic vegetation, grain.

 

Taxonomy

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
     Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Aves
Order: Anseriformes
Family: Anatidae
    Subfamily: Anserinae
Genus: Anas
Species: Anas platyrhynchos
    Subspecies: Anas platyrhynchos conboschas
  Anas platyrhynchos diazi
  Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos

Similar Species

  • Red-breasted Merganser has green head, white neck ring, reddish chest, but is built very differently, with a shaggy crest and a long thin bill, and dives.

  • Northern Shoveler has green head, but a white chest and rusty sides.

  • Female dabbling ducks look very similar. Mallard is only one with a blue speculum bordered on both sides by white.

  • American Black Duck is darker, with no white borders to its purplish speculum and a dark tail.

  • Mottled Duck is darker with thin white line behind speculum only, tail dark.

Bird Sound

Female gives loud series of quacks. Male makes softer, rasping "rab," also a grunt and whistle during display. Wings whistle in flight.

Eggs look like this

Photo taken from: ARCTOS Collaborative Collection Management Solution

Videos


Mallard Duck 1

Crested female


Mallard Duck 2

Mallard Ducklings #1


Mallard Duck 3

Mallard Ducklings #2


Mallard Duck 4

Mallard Ducklings #3


Mallard Duck 5

Having a Neighborly Dispute


Mallard Duck 6

Mallards mating