Babylon

Nabopolassar

626-605 BC

Nebuchadnezzar

605-562 BC

Evil-Merodach

562-560 BC

Neriglissar

560-556 BC

Labishi-Marduk

556 BC

Nabonidus

556-539 BC

Belshazzar

553-539 BC

Persia

Cyrus

550-530 BC

Cambyses

530-522 BC

Smerdis (Bardiya)

522-521 BC

Darius I

521-486 BC

Xerxes I

486-464 BC

Artaxerxes I

464-423 BC

Darius II

423-404 BC

Artaxerxes II

404-359 BC

Artaxerxes III

359-338 BC

Arses

338-336 BC

Darius III

336-331 BC

Greece

Philip

359-336 BC

Alexander

336-323 BC

Ptolemies

Ptolemy I Soter

323-285 BC

Ptolemy II Philadelphus

285-246 BC

Ptolemy III Euergetes

246-222 BC

Ptolemy IV Philopator

222-203 BC

Ptolemy V Epiphanes

203-181 BC

Seleucidae

Antiochus III

223-187 BC

Seleucus IV Philopstor

187-175 BC

Antiochus IV Epiphanes

175-164 BC

Maccabees-Hasmoneans

Mattathias

166 BC

Judas

166-160 BC

Jonathan

160-142 BC

Simon

142-135 BC

John Hyrcanus

135-104 BC

Judah Aristobulus

104-102 BC

Alexander Jannaeus

102-76 BC

Alexandra & Hyrcanus II *

76-67 BC

Aristobulus II

67-63 BC

Roman Influence

Hyrcanus II *

63-40 BC

Antigonus

40-37 BC

Herod the Great

37-4 BC